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Citations: MLA Style (9th ed.)

A guide to writing and citing in MLA format.

General Info

What is it?

An annotated bibliography is simply a Works Cited page in which each citation is followed by an annotation ("note") that describes or evaluates the source (or both). Like a regular Works Cited, sources are listed in alphabetical order.

Annotations let your reader get a little extra insight into your sources and how they support your research.

Yes No No

Citation

   Annotation

Citation

   Annotation

Citation

    Annotation

 

Correct: Each citation is followed by its annotation.

Citation

Citation

Citation

Annotation

Annotation

Annotation

 

Incorrect: All the citations together, followed by all the annotations.

Essay

Citation

Citation

Citation

 

 

 

Incorrect: A regular essay (or combined annotations) followed by a Works Cited.

 

What goes in your annotation?

Explain the main points of the work briefly.

Your summary should be original to you -- don't just copy/paste the publisher summary of a book or the abstract from a scholarly article.

  • Authority: is the author [or publisher] qualified and/or has expertise in the content area? what's their background (in relation to the topic)?
  • Relevance: how valuable, effective, or useful was this source in your research?
  • Context: who is the intended audience of this source? what is the purpose of it? does there seem to be any bias? are there gaps in coverage?

The exact details of what to include will depend on your assignment -- number of sources, what to discuss in the annotation, and length of your commentary.

How long should it be?

Generally, the annotation should be no more than a paragraph... unless your prof tells you otherwise. If you must write multiple paragraphs, each is indented, and all fit into the hanging indent of the parent citation.

Writing Style

MLA annotations are generally written as "succinct phrases" (incomplete sentences) but can also be given as complete sentences. Your prof probably expects the complete sentence version!

Don't get too detailed:  you should not quote the source or cite evidence for an argument in an annotation.

 

Example & More Resources