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Assignment | Argument with Research (P. Khalaf): Topic Development

ENGL 1302 | Prof. Paula Khalaf (Fall 2025)

Start with Background Information Sources

Topic, Research Question, Thesis

First, you develop and narrow down your topic -- the general idea of what you're going to be researching.

From that, you need to develop your research question, i.e. what is the question you are attempting to answer by doing your research?

This, in turn, will form the basis for your paper's thesis (your claim/argument/answer), which you'll explicitly state in your introduction.

Brainstorm a Central Topic

Create a mind map to explore your options

Fake news as free speech:

Think of Possible Questions

Identified through topic development/mind map

  • What impact does protecting fake news as free speech have on American policy around the topic of climate change?
  • Can social media be leveraged to fight against fake news?
  • Is fake news inherently tied to the Internet and social media?

Research to Create Thesis Statement

Develop your thesis -- the answer to your question -- through research

Despite the focus on the ills of social media, the phenomenon of fake news can be observed throughout history from medieval distortions of people in foreign lands, to publications during the contentions Adams presidency in the early republic, to the yellow journalism of the 1890s that fomented the Spanish-American War.

Use Research Tools to Manage Information

The latest research tool for LSC-UP students is PowerNotes. Assignments often require students to learn more, to search for, evaluate and select information. The next step is gaining new knowledge through reading what you find. And then...

PowerNotes unifies the steps of reading, gathering, saving, annotating, outlining, tracking and citing research into a single, efficient workflow that feeds directly into the writing process.

Create your account. Install an extension for your browser (see the video for instruction).

Set-up PowerNotes Account [Video]

When you are inside an information source, open up PowerNotes and the turn on the PN extension.

  • Create the ENGL 1302 project.
  • Highlight sections from articles, webpages or eBooks, highlight sections of information you want to use.
  • The extension will capture information, location, and citation.
  • Add your notes or comments as you go.

From source to source your captures and notes are on the platform. Ready, set, go!

Credo Mind Map Tool

Mind Map a Topic