For each of your 5 sources, complete the following: in 200 words for each source, not counting quotation or citation, write 3 paragraphs.
Include at least one quotation that provides evidence for your thesis.
Santino, Jack. “Halloween in America: Contemporary Customs and Performances.” Western Folklore, vol. 42, no. 1, 1983, pp. 1–20. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1499461.
Santino is a PhD folklorist and professor of popular culture, and one of the most prominent authors of folk customs, holidays in particular. This article was published in the journal Western Folklore, published by the Western States Folklore Society. Footnotes are provided throughout for source credits, and the sources themselves are books and other scholarly articles.
Santino places contemporary Halloween practices in a historical context, particularly examining its duality and liminal nature: the holiday itself is a transitional day between seasons and the “wandering dead” and its associated with “marginal and ambiguous” creatures like witches or the jack-o-lantern derived from the lit turnip or stolen coal of a soul stuck wandering earth (8-9). Halloween also “retains a connection to the harvest” and rurality as “people from a built environment travel to a relatively natural environment, return with a physical [symbol of nature], and display it as part of their built environment” (15).
This article is useful not only in providing background information about the holiday, it especially adds meaning to the particulars of how modern people celebrate. Halloween is a unique holiday in the American calendar for its spookiness and the transgressions it allows, like the transformative masks and costumes and children wandering the night demanding treats of adults. It has never been a purely “dark” holiday, however, with its remembrances and celebrations of life in spite of death and the completion of the autumn harvest ahead of winter.
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